Схема построения сказуемого страдательного залога

Автор: Амирова Татьяна Федоровна

Организация: МОУ «ГЭЛ»

Населенный пункт: Саратовская область, г.Саратов

Овладение грамматикой изучаемого языка и приобретение практических навыков образования и употребления грамматических явлений способствуют достижению основной цели обучения иностранным языкам.

Данное пособие посвящено такому грамматическому явлению как страдательный залог или Passive Voice, которое широко используется в научной и специальной литературе. Для того чтобы научить воспринимать информацию, изложенную в Passive, необходимо развить и закрепить умения и навыки образования данного грамматического явления во всех временах и для всех форм глагола, а также научить преобразовывать предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.

В данном пособии собраны упражнения, с помощью которых можно добиться поставленных целей.

 

СХЕМА ПОСТРОЕНИЯ СКАЗУЕМОГО В ACTIVE И PASSIVE

Временная форма,  время	Active   Voice	Passive   Voice
Present Simple	V / Vs   He delivers letters.	am / is / are + V3 / Ved    The letters are delivered.
Past Simple	V2 / Ved   He delivered the letters.	was / were + V3 / Ved   The letters were delivered.
Future Simple	will + V   He will deliver the letters	will + be + V3 / Ved   The letters will be delivered.
Present Continuous	am / is /are + Ving   He is delivering the letters.	am / is / are + being + v3 / Ved   The letters are being delivered.
Past Continuous	was / were + Ving   He was delivering the letters.	was / were + being + V3 / Ved   The letters were being delivered.
Present Perfect	have / has + V3 / Ved   He has delivered the letters.	have / has + been + V3 / Ved   The letters have been delivered.
Past Perfect	had + V3 / Ved   He had delivered the letters.	had + been + V3 / Ved   The letters had been delivered.
Modals	M + V   He may deliver the letters.	M + be + V3 / Ved   The letters may be delivered.
Infinitive	to + V   He had to deliver the letters	to + be + V3 / Ved   The letters had to be delivered.

 

V – любой смысловой глагол

V2 – вторая форма неправильного глагола

V3 – третья форма неправильного глагола

Ved – вторая и третья формы правильного глагола

М – любой модальный глагол

 

Упражнение 1.   Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple Passive.

There is a chimpanzee which 1) ...................... (call) “Bubbles”. It 2) ......................

(own) by Michael Johnson. It 3) ...................... (keep) in his home. It 4) ....................... (feed) every day by Michael Johnson himself. It 5) ..................... (always/dress) in funny clothes. It 6) ................... (say) that “Bubles” is Michael Johnson’s only friend.

 

Упражнение 2.   Используя информацию в таблице, дайте ответы на вопросы.

HOTEL  INFORMATION

BREAKFAST – In Pierro’s Restaurant 7 – 9.30 am	ROOMS – Maid Service daily
DINNER – In Main Restaurant 8 – 10 pm	HOT WATER – 24 hours a day
NEWSPAPERS – TELEPHONE CALLS At the Reception Desk	HOTEL CINEMA – Film every night at 10 pm

 

1. Breakfast / serve – where and when?

2. Dinner / serve – where and when?

3. Telephone calls / can make – where?

4. Newspapers / sell – where?

5. Rooms / clean – who by and how often?

6. Hot water / supply when?

7. Films / show – where and when?

 

Упражнение 3.   Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple Passive.

Two men 1) ......................... (see) breaking into a house in my street last night. The police 2) ...................... (call) and they arrived very quickly. One man escaped, but he 4) ...................... (find) very soon. Both men 5) ................... (take) to the police station where they 6) .................... (question) separately by a police officer. The two men 

7) .................... (charge) with burglary.

 

Упражнение 4.   Подставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple Passive или Past Simple Passive.

Every year, on 23 April, ‘Çocuk Bayrami’ 1) ..................... (celebrate) in Turkey. This holiday 2) ..................... (start) by the famous Turkish leader Ataturk in 1920. Special clothes 3) ...................... (wear) by children, and in Ankara, the capital city, children from all over the world 4) ..................... (invite) to take part in the singing and dancing.

 

Festivals like Christmas 5) ..................... (not/celebrate) in India, but each autumn there is Diwali. Years ago, presents 6) ...................... (give) but now only cards 7) ..................... (send). Special lanterns 8) ................... (prepare) and during the festival these 9) ...................... (place) all over the house. Each night firework displays 10) ..................... (organize) in the street.

 

Упражнение 5.   Составьте предложения из предложенных слов, используя Present Simple Passive и Past Simple Passive.

1. Thanksgiving / celebrate / fourth Thursday in November.

2. First American colonists / give food / by native American Indians / in 1620

3. They / show how to grow own food / by native American Indians

4. In 1621 / first Thanksgiving festival / celebrate / by the colonists

5. It / make a holiday / by President Lincoln / in 1864

6. Now turkey and pumpkin pie / eat / in family dinners

 

Упражнение 6.   Составьте вопросы из предложенных слов, используя Present Simple Passive или Past Simple Passive.

1. where / 4 July / celebrate?

2. where / goulash / eat?

3. when / Boxing Day / celebrate?

4. who / telephone / invent by?

5. who /Romeo and Juliet / write by?

6. where BMW cars / make?

7. what food / eat / on Christmas Day / in England?

8. when / Christmas presents / give in your country?

9. how / houses / decorate / for Easter / in England?

10. where / Halloween /celebrate?

11. what / give / to children at Halloween?

12. what food / eat / during Easter / in your country?

 

Упражнение 7.   С помощью предложенных глаголов закончите высказывание, используя Present Perfect Passive.

1. The walls in the living-room are really dirty! (wash)

2. The small bedroom still has that horrible green door. (paint)

3. We asked for a radiator in the hall, but there isn’t one. (install)

4. The back door is still broken and doesn’t close properly. (repair)

5. The kitchen was supposed to be painted blue, not brown. (paint)

6.Where’s the garden wall? We want to keep that! (knock down)

7. But we wanted you to get rid of the garden shed. (remove)

8. In the plans, there is a third window in the kitchen. (put in)

9. What happened to the lovely apple tree outside the back door? (cut down)

10. There’s builder’s rubbish everywhere! (take away)

 

Упражнение 8.   Переделайте предложения, начиная их так, как предложено. Используйте Passive.

1. Radio entertains us wherever we are.

   One advantage of radio is that we ...

2. Television fills our minds with pictures of violence.

    The worst thing about television is that our ...

3. Newspapers give us information about other parts of the world.

    One good thing about newspapers is that we ...

4. Television keeps up to date on the political situation.

    Thanks to television, we ...

5. Television prevents us from thinking for ourselves.

    A possible danger of television is that we ...

6. The news on the radio doesn’t allow us to forget our problems.

    If we listen to the news on the radio, we ...

7. Newspapers give us different points of view about what is happening.

    When we read newspapers, we ...

8. Local radio makes us aware of what is happening in our area.

    A great advantage of local radio is that we ...

9. Going to the cinema gives u the chance to meet other people.

    An advantage of going to the cinema is that we ...

10. Television forces us to sit down and do nothing else.

     A disadvantage of television is that we ...

 

Упражнение 9.   Подставьте подходящие глаголы в соответствующей форме Passive.

cause        damage        hold         include         invite         make          overtake

                                 show           translate          write 

 

1. Many accidents ....................... by dangerous driving.

2. Cheese .......................... from milk.

3. The roof of the building ......................... in a storm a few days ago.

4. There’s no need to leave a tip. Service ......................... in the bill.

5. You .......................... to the wedding. Why didn’t you go?

6. A cinema is a place where films ........................... .

7. In the United States, election for President .............................. every four years.

8. Originally the book ............................... in Spanish and a few years ago it ................................ into English.

9. We were driving along quite fast but we ............................. by lots of other cars. 

 

Упражнение 10.   Подставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple или Past Simple Active или Passive.

1. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people ........................ (employ) there.

2. Water ............................. (cover) most of the Earth’s surface.

3. Most of the Earth’s suface ......................... (cover) by water.

4. The park gates ............................ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5. The letter .......................... (post) a week ago and it .......................... (arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat ............................ (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody .......................(rescue).

7. Ron’s parents ........................... (die) when he was very young. He and his sister ............................ (bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I ........................... (grow) in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera ............................ (steal) from my hotel room.

10. While I was on holiday, my camera .......................... (disappear) from my hotel room.

11. Why .............................. (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?

12. Why .............................. (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13. The company is not independent. It .......................... (own) by a much larger company.

14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody ........................... (call) an ambulance but nobody ......................... (injure) so the ambulance ......................... (not/need).

15. Where .......................... (these photographs/take)? In London? ........................... (you/take) them?

 

Упражнение 11.   Перепишите заголовки из газет полными предложениями, используя соответствующие формы Passive.

1. FOOTBALLER OFFERED MILLION FOR TRANSFER

2. NO CHILDREN ADMITTED INTO SPORTS CLUB

3. CHIDREN BEING BRAINWASHED BY TV

4. PLANET BEING DESTROYED BY POLLUTION

5. BOMB DISCOVERED IN OLD LADY’S GARDEN

6. NO CAMERAS ALLOWED IN MUSEUM

7. ANIMALS BEING USED TO TEST BEAUTY PRODUCTS

8. PICASSO PAINTINGS EXHIBITED NATIONAL GALLERY NEXT MONDAY

 

Упражнение 12.   Подставьте в подходящие глаголы в соответствующей форме Passive.

carry        cause       do       make       repair        send        spend          wake up                     

     

1. The situation is serious. Something must ..................... before it’s too late.

2. I haven’t received the letter. It might ........................ to the wrong address.

3. A decision will not .......................... until the next meeting.

4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ......................... at 6.30 the net morning

5.Do you think that less money should ........................... on armaments?

6. This road is in very bad condition. It should ........................ a long time ago.

7. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to .......................... .

8. It’s not certain how the fire started but it might ........................... by an electric fault

 

Упражнение 13.   С помощью слов в скобках составьте предложения, используя соответствующие формы Active или Passive.

1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow) ...................................................

2. This room looks different. (you / paint?) .....................................................................

3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It .........................................................................

4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody .....................................

5. Tom get a higher salary now. (he / promote) ..............................................................

6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate) ............................................

7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work / again;

    it / repair) .....................................................................................................................

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people / arrest / last

    night) ...........................................................................................................................

9. A tree was lying across the road.  (it / blow down / in the storm) ................................

10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody / see / since then) ............

11. I as mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?) .......................

 

Упражнение 14.   Подставьте в предложение подходящий глагол в форме Passive, образовав ее с помощью глагола get / got.         

ask       break        damage        hurt        pay       steal          sing           stop          use

 

1. There was a fight at the party but nobody .............................. .

2. Ted ............................. by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

3. How did that window ........................... ?

4. These tennis court don’t ........................... very often. Not many people want to play.

5.I used to have a bicycle but it ............................ .

6. Last night I .......................... by the police as I was driving home.

7. How much did you .......................... last month?

8. Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want them to ........................... .

9. People often want to know what my job is. I often ........................ that question.

 

Упражнение 15.   Допишите предложения, используя be supposed to в соответствующем времени и подходящий по смыслу глагол

arrive            be             block            come             park             phone              start

 

1. You ............................ here. It’s private parking only.

2. The train ......................... at 11.30, but it was an hour late.

3. What are the children doing at home? They ...................... at school at this time.

4. We ........................ work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.

5. This door is a fire exit. You ....................... it.

6. Oh dear! I ............................. Ann but I completely forgot.

7. They arrived very early – at 2 o’clock. They ......................... until 3.30.

 

СХЕМА ПЕРЕВОДА ACTIVE В PASSIVE

 

	Подлежащее	Сказуемое	Дополнение	(исполнитель)
Active	Picasso	painted	that picture
Passive	That picture	was painted		by Picasso

 

Примечание.   Такие слова, как people, they, somebody, someone, выполняющие функцию подлежащего в Active, в Passive опуcкают.

 

Упражнение 16.   Переделайте предложения из Active в Passive.

1. The gardener has planted some trees.

2. Doctor Brown will give you some advice.

3. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.

4. Steven Spielberg directed “E.T.”

5. His parents have brought him up to be polite.

6. Fleming discovered penicillin.

7. A pickpocket robbed me.

8. A dog is chasing the child.

9. The farmer is building a new barn.

 

Упражнение 17.   Переделайте предложения из Active в Passive.

1. Someone has broken the crystal vase.

2. They will advertise the product on television.

3. Someone is remaking that film.

4. Someone is helping her with the housework.

5. Someone had broken our door down.

6. They chose him as the best actor of the year.

7. Someone will pay you within the next few days.

 

Упражнение 18.   Переделайте предложения из Active в Passive.

1. You must leave the bathroom tidy.

2. You should water this plant daily.

3. Our neighbour ought to paint the garage.

4. I have to return these books to the library.

5. You must extinguish your cigarettes.

6. You must dry-clean this shirt.

7. You can improve your health with more exercise.

8. The cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor.

 

Упражнение 19.   Переделайте предложения из Active в Passive. Запишите два варианта.

1. He gave me a present.

2. The waiter will bring us the bill.

3. The Queen presented him with a medal.

4. Her mother bought Mary some sweets.

5. Bob has sold Ted a second-hand car.

6. Larry is going to send a letter to Tom.

7. The mail-order company sent Mrs Green a parcel.

8. My friend sent me an invitation.

9. The secretary has given Mr Jones some letters.

 

Упражнение 20.   Используя Passive, запишите вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. Columbus discovered America.

2. We keep money in a safe.

3. A bee stung him.

4. They speak Italian in Italy.

5. They have taken his aunt to hospital.

6. The boys damaged the television.

7. Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

8. He invited 30 people to his party.

9. They grow bananas in Africa.

 

Упражнение 21.   Переделайте отрывок из Active в Passive.

Someone broke into the National Museum last night. He broke down the door. He stole some valuable paintings and he destroyed a statue. The police have found fingerprints on the walls. They hope they will catch the thief soon.

 

Упражнение 22.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

A fire burnt down Forrest Castle last night. Some people were holding a party in the main hall. A cigarette started the fire. Fortunately they have removed most of the valuable paintings the day before. The Queen will visit the castle tomorrow.

 

Упражнение 23.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up the shop when the robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied him up. The police are organized a search for the robber. They hope they will find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

 

Упражнение 24.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

A farmer dug up a very old statue last week. Somebody had buried it thousands of years ago. The farmer took the statue to a museum. Experts are repairing it. The museum will put the statue on display. The museum has given a reward to the farmer.

 

Упражнение 25.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Some people saw a UFO in the sky above London last night. They reported it to the police. The army sent a helicopter to look at it more closely. The UFO shot the helicopter down and killed both men in it. People have given photographs of the UFO to the police. Experts are looking at them now.

 

Упражнение 26.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Someone found a skeleton in a cave in the mountains yesterday. They have sent it to a laboratory. Scientists were examining it all through the night. They have discovered that it is the skeleton of a dinosaur from thousands years ago. They are still carrying out tests. They are going to send it to a museum when they have completed the tests.

 

Упражнение 27.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Our school is organizing a contest. The teachers will choose the best project about the environment. The students must include pictures and drawings in their projects. The students will also have to do all the writing themselves. The school will give the winner a set of encyclopaedias.

 

Упражнение 28.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Professor Golding found some jewelry in the rubbish. Someone has thrown it out. The Professor took it to the police. The police are searching for the owner. They have asked people lots of questions so far. They will keep the jewelry in a safe place.

 

Упражнение 29.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

My uncle painted the picture. Someone has offered him a lot of money for it. He will deliver the painting tomorrow. When they give him the money he will tell them the truth. He painted it one night while he was sleepwalking.

 

Упражнение 30.   Переделайте текст из Active в Passive.

Somebody has stolen a bus from outside the school. Some children saw the thief. The police are searching for the bus now. They will use the children’s descriptions to catch the thief.

                                

КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

Упражнение 1.

1 – is called; 2 – is owned; 3 – is kept; 4 – is fed; 5 – is always dressed; 6 – is said

 

Упражнение 2.

1. Breakfast is served in Pierrot’s Restaurant between 7 and 9.30 am.

2. Dinner is served in Main Restaurant between 8 and 10 pm.

3. Telephone calls can be made at the Reception Desk.

4. Newspapers are sold at the Reception Desk.

5. Rooms are cleaned by Maid Service daily.

6. Hot water is supplied 24 hours a day.

7. Films are shown at 10 pm every night.

Virginia Evans, Round-Up - 3, English Grammar Practice, - Pearson Education Limited 2000

 

Упражнение 3.

1 – were seen; 2 – wee called; 3 – was caught; 4 – was found; 5 – were taken;

6 – were questioned; 7 – were charged.

 

Упражнение 4.

1 – is celebrated; 2 – was started; 3 – is worn; 4 – are invited; 5 – are not celebrated;

6 – were given; 7 – are sent; 8 – are prepared; 9 – are placed; 10 – are organized.

 

Упражнение 5.

1. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.

2. First American colonists were given food by native American Indians in 1620.

3. They were shown how to grow their own food by native American Indians.

4. In 1621 the first Thanksgiving festival was celebrated by the colonists.

5. It was made a holiday by President Lincoln in 1864.

6. Now a turkey and a pumpkin pie are eaten in family diners.

 

Упражнение 6.

1. Where is the 4 July celebrated?

2. Where is goulash eaten?

3. When is Boxing Day celebrated?

4. Who was the telephone invented by?

5. Who was Romeo and Juliet written by?

6. Where are BMW cars made?

7. What food is eaten on Christmas Day in England?

8. When are Christmas presents given in your country?

9. How are houses decorated for Easter in England?

10. Where is Halloween celebrated?

11. What is given  to children at Halloween?

12. What food is eaten during Easter in your country?

 

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Virginia Evans, Round-Up - 3, English Grammar Practice, — Pearson Education  Limited 2000
2. Virginia Evans, Round-Up - 4, English Grammar Practice, — Pearson Education Limited 2006
3. Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use, — Cambridge University Press, 2008
4. Brian Abbs, Ingrid Friebairn, Chris Barker, “Snapshot. Pre-Intermediate”, — Longman
5. Michael Vince, “Highlight. Intermediate”, — Heinemann
6. Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones, Jon Hird, “Inside Out. Intermediate”, — MACMILLAN

   

Опубликовано: 19.09.2015